Ibiza is put on dengue fever alert after tourists catch disease

Warning to British tourists as Ibiza is put on dengue fever alert after holidaymakers catch disease on the island

• Two German tourists caught dengue fever during holiday on Spanish island Ibiza
• Health chiefs in Ibiza have now issued alert over the risk of dengue fever 

Health chiefs have issued an alert over the risk of dengue fever cases appearing in Ibiza between the months of May and November when tourists flock to the island.

The warning follows the confirmation of two cases of the disease in German tourists who had been on the Spanish holiday island last year during the incubation period.

The Health and Emergencies Coordination Centre, under the Spanish Ministry of Health, has classified the forthcoming risk as ‘moderate’.

At the moment, authorities say the risk of dengue is low across Ibiza. But from May to November, the risk is likely to become moderate and local authorities are set to inform the population and step up vigilance.

On Wednesday, health officials in Germany alerted Spain to two cases of dengue – a confirmed and probable case -, together with four cases with compatible symptoms.

Health chiefs have issued an alert over the risk of dengue fever cases appearing in Ibiza between the months of May and November.

The confirmed case is a 27-year-old woman who was in Ibiza for a week in August 2022 with her partner and 13-month-old daughter. The family started to show symptoms – including fever, joint pain and a rash – on August 31 after they arrived back in Germany.

The probable case is a 37-year-old woman who travelled to Ibiza and was in the same town as the first case, together with her partner and her nine-year-old son in October 2022. The family began showing symptoms during their holiday.   

Only the mother attended the health services and the Dengue diagnosis was made by detecting IgM antibodies exclusively.

The Spanish Health Ministry said a person who appears to have caught dengue in Mexico seems to have started the outbreaks since the individual was residing in the same area of Ibiza as the two German families.

‘Thanks to surveillance of imported cases, a probable index case was identified, coming from Mexico, who began symptoms on August 11th and remained in the same locality in Ibiza as the two cases described between August 11th and 31st,’ said a spokesperson.

As reported by the CCAES, one of the potential dengue vectors is the mosquito ‘Aedes Albopictus’, present throughout the Spanish Mediterranean area and the Balearic Islands and in some areas of the interior and north of the country. 

On the island of Ibiza it was first detected in 2014 and since then it is considered established throughout the island.

Dengue, a tropical virus that causes high fever and aches, infects some 400 million people each year and kills up to 25,000. It is carried by Aedes aegypti, a mosquito that thrives in tropical climates and breeds in stagnant water

‘After the knowledge of the cases, the Balearic authorities have planned the pertinent actions of surveillance and vector control and communication and information to the citizenship, to be carried out before the start of the season of vector activity and during the same,’ said the spokesman.

‘The risk of new native cases in Ibiza, at this time of low vector activity is considered low, although this risk is considered moderate once the vector activity period begins (May-November).’

Health leaders in the Balearics say they are taking all steps to minimise risks, including checks for the Aedes Albopictus mosquito, tracking the movements and whereabouts of the tourists who were infected and convening health meetings.

‘Another meeting is scheduled prior to the start of the activity season of the vector with the Island Council of Ibiza and the five town halls of the island, for the implementation of strict surveillance and vector control plans,’ says the Ministry.

In about 40 to 80 per cent of infections, no symptoms are shown. The others might show mild symptoms and only five per cent develop into severe dengue fever.

The mosquito that can spread the virus first arrived in Balearic Islands in 2014. On the island of Ibiza, it was also first detected in 2014 and since then it is considered established throughout the island. Spain detected its first local outbreaks in 2018.

BUGGING OUT: THE THREAT OF DENGUE FEVER 

Dengue is a viral infection spread by mosquitoes. It is caught by people visiting or living in Asia, the Caribbean, and North, South or Central America.

Mosquitoes in the UK do not spread the virus. 

In most cases, the infection is mild and passes in around a week.

Symptoms usually include:

• Fever
• Severe headache
• Pain behind the eyes
• Muscle and joint pain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Widespread rash
• Abdominal pain
• Loss of appetite

There is no cure or specific treatment. 

Patients can relieve their symptoms via painkillers, staying hydrated and resting.

In rare cases, dengue symptoms can develop into severe dengue.

Elderly patients, or those with other medical conditions, are most at risk. 

Severe dengue fever symptoms can include:

• Severe skin bleeding with spots of blood on and under the skin
• Blood in the urine and stools
• Respiratory distress – when the lungs cannot provide the vital organs with enough oxygen
• Organ failure
• Changes in mental state and unconsciousness
• Dangerously low blood pressure

Severe dengue is usually treated via a blood and platelet transfusion, IV fluids for rehydration and oxygen therapy if levels are low.

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